Charcot foot is a serious and potentially disabling condition that affects individuals with neuropathy (nerve damage). The bones in the foot weaken to the point of fracture, and without proper intervention, the joints may collapse, causing the foot to develop a rocker-bottom deformity.

At Northwest Extremity Specialists, our Portland-area foot and ankle surgeons specialize in early diagnosis and treatment to prevent severe deformity and amputation.

What Causes Charcot Foot?

Charcot foot occurs due to neuropathy, which leads to reduced sensation in the feet. Individuals with neuropathy may unknowingly continue walking on an injured or fractured foot, worsening the condition.

Common risk factors include:

• Diabetes (long-term neuropathy increases the risk)
• Peripheral nerve damage
• Previous foot trauma or surgery
• Tight Achilles tendon

For more information on diabetes-related foot complications, visit the American Diabetes Association (ADA).

Symptoms of Charcot Foot

Early detection is crucial. Symptoms may include:

• Swelling in the foot
• Redness in the affected area
• Warmth (one foot feels significantly warmer than the other)
• Pain or soreness

Since neuropathy reduces pain sensation, many patients do not notice a problem until the deformity worsens.

Diagnosing Charcot Foot

A foot and ankle specialist will:

• Examine the foot for swelling, warmth, and instability
• Review medical history and past injuries
• Order imaging tests such as X-rays or MRIs to confirm bone damage

If you suspect Charcot foot, seeking immediate care is critical to prevent further complications.

Non-Surgical Treatment for Charcot Foot

1. Immobilization

• Complete non-weightbearing to prevent further bone damage
• Use of a cast, removable boot, or brace
• Crutches or a wheelchair may be required for mobility
• Healing can take months, depending on severity

2. Custom Shoes and Bracing

• Special inserts and orthotics help support the foot
• Custom footwear prevents ulcers and deformities
• Bracing may be needed for significant deformities

3. Activity Modification

• Avoid repetitive stress on the feet
• Protect both feet, as Charcot can develop in the unaffected foot

For guidance on diabetic foot care, visit the American Podiatric Medical Association (APMA).

When Is Surgery Needed for Charcot Foot?

If Charcot foot leads to severe deformity, surgery may be necessary. Procedures may involve:

• Bone realignment to restore foot stability
• Fusion surgery to reinforce weakened joints
• Correction of foot ulcers caused by abnormal pressure

Surgery is considered only when conservative treatments fail to prevent worsening deformity.

Preventing Charcot Foot Complications

Individuals with diabetes or neuropathy can take preventive steps, including:

• Keeping blood sugar levels controlled to slow nerve damage
• Regular foot exams with a specialist
• Daily self-checks for swelling, redness, or warmth
• Avoiding foot injuries from excessive exercise or trauma
• Wearing protective footwear to prevent ulcers

Get Expert Charcot Foot Treatment in Portland

If you or a loved one is experiencing foot swelling, warmth, or instability, early intervention is critical to prevent severe deformity or amputation.

Schedule an appointment with Northwest Extremity Specialists to explore treatment options and protect your mobility.